A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - K - L - M - N - P - R - S - T - U
Abrasion (Abr) — Superficial damage along the facet junctions of a polished diamond.
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Alloy — A mixture of two or more metals.
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Amethyst — The February birthstone. This purple colored quartz has strong ties to royalty.
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Anneal — The process of heating a gemstone to enhance its depth of color and strength.
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Appraisal — For items sold for more than $1,000, we provide a complimentary appraisal from our GIA graduate gemologists to be used to insure your diamond or fine piece of jewelry. An appraisal consists of a brief description and a picture of the purchased item as well as a calculated coverage rate of your item.
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Aquamarine — The March birthstone. This bright blue variety of beryl showcases gorgeous bluish-green hue.
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Assay — The act of testing a metal to determine the purity and percentage of metals present.
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Asscher cut — A step cut diamond that is essentially an emerald cut diamond, but it is square and features cropped corners. It was originally designed and introduced in 1902 by Joseph Asscher.
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Baguette — A narrow rectangular cut gemstone or diamond. A tapered baguette diamond or gemstone features one broad side and one narrow side.
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Bangle — A type of bracelet that slips over the wrist and does not feature a clasp due to its rigidity.
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Belly — The curved sides on a pear, marquise, heart, or oval shape diamond.
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Bezel setting — One of the most secure diamond and gemstone settings. The diamond or gemstone is completely surrounded by a precious metal rim and locked into place once the bezel is soldered.
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Blemish — : This refers to any imperfection that is found on or in a diamond.
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Blemishes Due to Crystal Structure
- Natural (N): Part of the original crystal structure remains on the diamond.
- Surface Graining (SGr): Translucent lines that appear on the surface of a finished diamond.
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Blemishes Caused by Deterioration (Wear)
- Scratch (S): A dull, thin white-colored line across the surface of the diamond.
- Nick (Nk): Tiny notch close to the facet junction or girdle.
- Abrasion (Abr): Small nicks that are found along the facet junctions. These produce fuzzy and or white lines, which result in edges that are not sharp and crisp.
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Blemishes Due to Cutting Process
- Extra Facet (EF): Additional facet located on the girdle that is not part of the desired cut.
- Burn Marks (Brn): Uneven polishing caused by structure irregularity can cause the surface of the diamond to turn hazy from wear.
- Pit (Pit): A small opening, which looks like a white dot.
- Rough Girdle (RG): Pitted or irregular girdle.
- Polish Lines (PL): Colorless, and often hard to see find parallel lines, ridges, or grooves, which are left by the process of polishing a diamond.
: Spots, wrinkles, blisters, or small pits that appear on a pearl's surface.
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Bow-tie — A dark shadow, often in the shape of a bow-tie, where light passes through a brilliant cut pear, oval or marquise shaped diamond. Well proportioned elongated brilliant cut diamonds trap light within, causing brilliance and fire to return back to the eye from all areas of the stone. When a pear, oval or marquise diamond is cut poorly, light is able to pass through the stone creating visibly dark bow-tie shaped shadows.
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Branded cut — A diamond cut that a manufacturer develops to promote as a special cut. This is often a specific set of proportions or number of facets a manufacturer will produce for optimal results.
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Brilliant cut — A cutting style consisting of triangular or kite-shaped facets, which extend from the center towards the girdle. Brilliant cut diamonds have the most brilliance (white light) and fire (rainbow spectral colors) of all diamond cuts. Most commonly, this term refers to a round brilliant cut diamond (RBC). The shape of this diamond cut resembles the likeness of a cone. It provides the maximum light return through the top of the diamond. In round brilliant cut diamonds, the diamond has either 57 or 58 facets. The 58th facet exists if the diamond has a culet. An octahedron diamond crystal can ideally produce two round brilliant cut diamonds. This cuts down on the weight loss of a diamond crystal. However, even with modern techniques, the cutting and polishing of a diamond cuts down at least 50% of the diamond crystal. Shapes included in this category are round, cushion, radiant, pear, heart and oval.
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Brightness — The brightness of a diamond is the appearance of internal and external reflections of 'white light' that is seen coming from a face-up polished diamond.
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Brilliance — The reflection of white light that comes from a diamond describes the diamond's brilliance. Brightness and contrast are essential attributes of a diamond's beauty. A diamond appears brighter if it has sparkle, which is also referred to as scintillation. This is an effect of the stone's reflection and refraction of light.
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Bruise — A small fracture or chip, which creates lines that resemble a root inside the diamond.
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Carat — One of
the 4 C's related to the value and quality of diamond grading. Carat weight is the measurement applied to diamonds, precious gemstones, and pearls. This measures the weight of a diamond, not the size of the stone, which is important to keep in mind. The overall size of a diamond is directly related to the actual cut of the stone. 1 carat contains 100 points. Therefore, a 1/2 carat diamond is often referred to as "50 points" or a "50 pointer." 1 carat = 1/5g. The larger the carat weight of a stone, the more valuable and the more rare the diamond is. Carat is frequently abbreviated as "ct." and the abbreviation "cttw." refers to carat total weight or the total diamond weight of the piece.
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Cavity — This is a type of inclusion that consists of a deep or large opening in the diamond.
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Center stone — The main or focal gemstone or diamond in a setting.
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Certification — The process resulting in a report created by a gemological laboratory or gemologist. The Gemological Institute of America (GIA) is the most acclaimed independent diamond and gemstone grading laboratory. Shop
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Chip (Ch) — Damage on the surface of a diamond leaving a shallow opening. This is found most commonly at points where facets meet the girdle edge and culet.
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Clarity — One of
the 4 C's, this refers to the amount and type of inclusions located in a diamond. Diamond clarity is referring to the absence of internal inclusions or external blemishes in a diamond. The better a diamond's clarity, the more brilliant, rare and valuable it is. There are 11 clarity grades, which we have listed on our
diamond education page.
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Cloud (Cld) — A clarity characteristic consisting of a group of tiny pinpoints, often giving a hazy appearance, under magnification. Clouds consist of tiny crystals that are so minute that they are only visible when clustered together.
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Color — Diamond color is one of
the 4 C's used in diamond grading. This term refers to the actual body color of a diamond and grades diamonds that are in the "normal color range". Diamonds are graded on a scale of D-Z, with D being completely colorless and Z being a pale yellow or a brown color. D-F colored diamonds are considered colorless with G-J colored diamonds being considered near colorless. Colorless diamonds are rarer, and thus more valuable. Color is generally considered the second most important factor when choosing a diamond, with diamond cut being the first. The sparkle of a diamond is what first attracts a consumer to a diamond and the consumer noticing the color second. As the size of a diamond increases, the color becomes much more noticeable. If you are interested in purchasing a larger diamond, such as a carat or more, color is very important to consider. Most consumers want to purchase the best value for their money. Since the visible difference between one color grade of diamonds to the next is difficult to notice with the unaided eye, most of our consumers are selecting diamonds with F, G, or H color. It is also important to note that diamond cuts that reflect more light, such as round brilliant or princess cut diamonds, actually mask some of the color of diamond. This is due to certain diamond cuts reflecting more light. Setting a diamond in a certain precious metal should also be taken into consideration so that the diamond color is complemented. Platinum and white gold complement diamonds with a grade of D through H.
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Color center — A structural defect in a diamond that can influence how it absorbs light causing fancy colored diamonds.
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Conflict diamonds — Diamonds sold to finance rebel interest against internationally recognized governments. Conflict diamonds are often stolen directly from the mine and sold for weapons to fund rebel interests. The Kimberley Process was enacted to combat the purchasing of conflict diamonds. deBebians does not sell conflict diamonds.
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Crown — A term to describe all the parts of a diamond above the girdle. This includes the table, bezel, star and upper girdle facets.
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Crown angles — The angle formed from the top of the girdle plane and the bezel facet. The crown angle varies among diamonds depending on the shape of the rough diamond when it is formed and also upon the quality of the diamond cutter. Crown angles between 31.5-36.5 degrees fall within the excellent category of a round brilliant cut diamond. The closer the crown angle is to 34.5 degrees, the more ideal the diamond's cut.
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Crystal — A type of inclusion in which a mineral deposit is trapped inside the diamond.
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cttw — See
carat.
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Culet — An extra facet found on the bottom of a diamond or gemstone's pavilion. The culet size will be listed on the certificate of a diamond if applicable.
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Cut — One of
the 4 C's, this term is used in one of two ways and is considered to be the most important in determining the diamond's overall beauty. Cut is used to either refer to a diamond's shape (princess, round, emerald, radiant, etc) or the actual cut, also known as the make of the diamond. The better the actual cut grade is for a diamond, the more brilliance and sparkle the diamond is going to have.
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Cutting style — The arrangements of facets on a diamond where we derive the terms round brilliant, cushion, emerald, radiant, pear, oval cuts etc. Cutting styles often refer to stones that have either kite shaped faceting or step-cut faceting.
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Diamond simulant — Any gemstone that is not a natural or synthetic diamond but imitates a diamond. Common diamond simulants are synthetic Moissanite, Cubic Zirconium, Asha, Colorless Sapphire, and Glass. These stones all share some properties of a diamond such as being colorless but their physical and chemical properties are different.
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Dispersion — The physical separation of white light into the spectral colors that is visible to the naked eye. The term "fire" describes the actual rainbow colors in a diamond resulting from dispersion.
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EGL — The European Gemological Laboratory is a consortium of independently owned gemological laboratories known for their gemstone grading and gemology research. EGL is divided up into two divisions: EGL International and EGL USA, which includes Canada.
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Extra facet — An extra facet is not essential to the cut of a diamond, but is often placed specifically to remove a clarity characteristic. Extra facets are common around the girdle and do not affect the clarity grade.
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Eye-visible — A term to describe clarity characteristics that are visible to the unaided eye. Eye-visible inclusions are common in SI2-I3 stones.
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Facet — The polished, flat planes on the surface of a diamond or gemstone. The amount of fire or sparkle of a diamond depends on accuracy of the facets.
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Fancy-colored diamond — All natural colors except for white and black, beginning with yellow and brown diamonds whose color grade surpasses the normal D-Z color range. Yellow and brown diamonds whose color grades pass Z are considered fancy yellow and fancy brown diamonds. Other fancy diamond colors are pink, blue, red, green and purple.
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Fancy cut — Any shape diamond other than a round brilliant.
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Feather — A general term to describe a fracture in a diamond. A diamond can break along its cleavage plane, which results in a crack resembling the shape of a feather.
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Finish — The quality of the polish and precision of the cut on a faceted gemstone.
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Fire — The appearance of colored light being reflected back from within a diamond is referred to as fire. The spectral colors are viewable in a polished diamond. A diamond with a higher graded cut will refract more colors when exposed to light.
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Fluorescence — A naturally occurring phenomenon in diamonds. Diamond fluorescence is graded from none to strong. Fluorescence can mask the body color of a diamond and can make a diamond of a lower color grade (I, J, K) appear more white. Fluorescence is not desirable is a colorless diamond.
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Fracture — A crack, or feather inclusion that is found on the surface or a diamond or gemstone. It is irregular in shape and often appears like a splinter because light does not pass through it.
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GIA — The Gemological Institute of America is a well-respected independent laboratory, which grades diamonds based on
the 4 C's. GIA is renowned as the most consistent independent diamond and gemstone grading laboratory. Shop
GIA diamonds or
GIA certified jewelry.
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GIA graduate gemologist — A professional certification given to those who have completed the graduate gemologist course at the Gemological Institute of America. A graduate gemologist is trained to identify hundreds of gemstones and detect the latest treatments and synthetics. A graduate gemologist has the identification skills to become a buyer, appraiser, retailer, and wholesaler of diamonds and colored gemstones.
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Girdle — This term refers to the outermost edge of the diamond. Reported and described by GIA as a range from the thinnest to the thickest areas of a girdle. They vary from extremely thin, very thin, thin, medium, slightly thick, thick, very thick, and extremely thick.
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Hardness — A gemstone's ability to withstand scratching and abrasion measured by the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Not all gemstones rank equally. The harder the stone the more it can resist being scratched. Stones that rank high in hardness can only scratch stones that are of equal or less hardness. Diamond ranks the highest gemstone with a 10 on the Mohs scale of hardness.
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Hue — The basic color of a gemstone.
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Inclusion — Anything enclosed inside a polished gemstone or extending into a gemstone from the exterior. Typical inclusions are a feather, cloud, pinpoint, and needle. Inclusions are a component of a gemstone's overall clarity characteristics.
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Indented natural (IndN) — A section on a polished diamond where natural rough is left both on the outside and inside of the stone. Indented naturals occur when a surface reaching crystal falls out of a stone during polishing. An indented natural is considered a clarity characteristic and would be plotted on a laboratory certificate.
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Karat — The unit used to describe the purity of gold. Karat is abbreviated with a capital "K," lowercase "k," or as "kt," and ranges from 10-24 karats. Most jewelry in the United States is made with 14K or 18K gold.
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Knot (K) — A kind of clarity characteristic where an inclusion extends from the surface of a diamond into the stone.
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Loupe — A portable magnifying lens used to quickly assess gemstones. A loupe typically magnifies 10X because that is the industry standard for judging clarity.
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Loupe clean — A trade term to describe a gemstone that does not have any visible inclusions under 10X magnification.
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Luster — The way the surface of a gemstone appears in reflected light. Gemstones break down into nine categories of luster. A diamond has the second highest luster called adamantine.
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Master stones — A set of diamonds selected to represent the least amount of color per individual color grade within the GIA normal D-Z diamond color range. Master stones are the stones by which all diamonds graded in a lab are measured against. Master stones separate the boundaries between each color grade.
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Melee — An industry term to describe very small faceted diamonds.
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Mixed cut — A term to describe diamonds that are cut with both brilliant and step-cut like facets. A princess cut diamond is an example of a mixed cut.
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Natural (N) — When a section of a diamond rough's original skin is left on a polished diamond. Naturals typically do not affect the clarity grade of a diamond because they serve to show that the diamond cutter did not take away any extra weight beyond what was necessary. Naturals are often found around the girdle so they do not affect the diamond's beauty.
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Near-colorless (N) — A term which describes diamonds whose color grades range from G-J in the normal D-Z white diamond color range. Near-colorless diamonds are diamonds that will look white when they are facing up.
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Needle (Ndl) — An inclusion where a crystal inside a diamond looks like a tiny rod or needle when examined at 10x magnification.
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Nick (Nk) — A small indentation often found along facet junctions that is not obvious at 10x magnification.
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Normal color range — The normal color range represents diamonds whose color grades range from D-Z. The range of diamond colors begins with colorless and ends with light yellow or brown.
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Parcel — Stones with similar size and quality grouped together for sale.
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Pavilion — The lower section below the girdle of a fashioned diamond. The pavilion includes both the pavilion main and lower girdle facets.
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Per carat price — The price of a gemstone divided by the number of carats. Diamonds are typically priced per carat because they vary in weight from stone to stone.
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Pinpoint (Pp) — A tiny crystal inside a diamond that is so small it looks like a dot when examining at 10X.
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Pique — A term used to describe diamonds that have inclusions.
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Pit — A small opening on the surface of a gemstone.
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Plot — A diagram of a diamond's major inclusions and surface blemishes that that help in its identification by showing the nature and location of the clarity characteristics. Plots always correspond to a master color coded key and are essential to identification of diamonds because no diamond is the same.